Page 36 - Vol.38-No.2

خانملا

رﺪﻨﺠﻟاو هﺎﻴﻤﻟاو دﻮﻤﺼﻟاو خﺎﻨﻤﻟاو ﺔﻳﺬﻐﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟا

∫ɪ°Th ≈fOC’G ¥ô°û∏d »ª«∏bE’G áYGQõdGh ájòZC’G ᪶æe ôªJDƒªd ¿ƒKÓãdGh á°SOÉ°ùdG IQhódG â≤∏£fG
IQGOEG ø«°ùëJh ,Oƒª°üdG ≈∏Y IQOÉb á«ØjQ äÉ©ªàée AÉæHh ,ájò¨àdG ø«°ùëJ ≈∏Y õcôà°S »àdGh É«≤jôaCG
»àdG ᫪æàdG äÉ«é«JGôà°SG ∂dòch ,ô°†NC’G »aÉ©àdG äGQOÉÑe õjõ©Jh ,ñÉæªdG áeRCG QÉKBG áédÉ©eh ,√É«ªdG
.ø«°ùæédG ø«H ¥QGƒØdG »YGôJ

d-b’˜D* q›˜D f˜ƒ›˜D* ¤@@A f£~z~6'¡E f@@Jw@@=&°* f˜ƒ›˜D šb@@†@@D* x@@Jv@@˜@@D* —b@@@BH
f£m£-*xg~6°* ,¡D* œE vJy˜D* f£˜£•B(°* ¡£FH2 ¡~7 v£~zD* ,vpg˜D* ™E&ÉD f<*4yD*H
K
2¡/H ¢@@D(* *x£~{E ¤•p˜D* –˜†D* b˜~}D hFxgF°* xc< bžj+ ™- f£0bggA* f˜•C ¤A
¤m£-*xg~6°* 4b:(°* ™<vD f£~z£)4 i*42bcE &* ‘*x†D* ŸŒ£~}g~z- ¥w@@D* ˆb˜g/°* ¤A
f€›˜D* ¤A f˜ƒ›˜•D œ£+ œ@@E ¤@@G f@@£@@<*4y@@D* f@@Jw@@=&°* ib<b€B
œE ¤Ab†gD* –/&* œE qAb’- ¤gD* ib<b€D*
*v•+ œE f.É. ”4b~{- ¡~7 v£~zD* —bBH
K
"v£+ *vJ" ,42b@@c@@E ¤@@A –†ŒDb+ f€›˜D* v£A¡C fp)b/ bž+ hcc~z- ¤gD* ibEv~|D*
K
¢•< *vC'¡E œ££~9b˜D* œ£Eb†D* —É1 19
¤A ¤<*4yD* obgF(°* ,2bJ5 ¢D(* Žvž- ¤gD*
,vEb~8H fE*vg~zE ib†˜gmE 2¡/H f£˜G&*
xŒD* i°v†E ¢•<&* vž~{- ¤gD* :b›˜D*
¤A ¤)*w‰D* œE&°* ‡~9H bC vD" —bBH
1000 ,42bcE ¤A —H2 ‡c~6 ”4b~{-H ˆ¡mD*H
K
b/x0 b£JxA&* —b˜~7H ¢F2&°* ‘x~{D* f€›E
,¡mŒD* |£•- ¢D(* ¢†~z- ¤gD* f£˜B4 fJxB
œE f€›˜D* ¤Fb†- k£0 fp)bmD* –cB ¢g0
i*5b£pD* ebp~8&* bžž/*¡J ¤gD* f£˜BxD*
,*Hb~z˜D* šv< ,2bJ5H ˆ¡mD* i°v†E ˆbŒ-4*
JxD* b’~6H ,x£‰~|D* ŸFb›gE* œ< HbŒ•D šb†D* xJv˜D* ex@@<&*H $b~zF œE JxD* b’~6 f£GbA4 2vž- ¤gD*
™gJ i*$*x@@@/(°* œE vJy˜D* &* Žb~9&*H wG ŸgAb~}g~6° ‘*x@@†@@D* d†~7H fE¡’pD " b£˜D* ,4vF ™BbŒ- ¢D(* fAb~9(* ebc~7H
xJ¡€g+ f˜ƒ›˜D* š¡- k£0 %°* bG3bs-* b˜C fc†~|D* ib@@BH&°* wG —É1 ,4Hv@@D* f†+4&°* ib@@J¡@@DH&°* šb†D* xJv˜D* 2v@@0H

¤˜BxD* 4b’g+°* &b~{+ f£˜£•B(* f£m£-*xg~6* fC4b~{˜•D *Hx~}0 œJwD* œ£C4b~{˜D* x’~7 “D3H ib~64b˜˜D* –~}A&* ˆbc-*H 4b’g+ÉD
&b~{+ f£˜£•B(°* f£›ŒD* f~|›˜D* —b˜’g~6*H 2*v‰+ ¤A ,¡mŒD* |£•- ¤GH f€›˜D* ¤Ab†- ™<vD
K
fAx†˜•D *yCxE qc~|g~6 ¤gD*H b£˜D* ,4vF ¤A ¤/bŒsD* ™JxC v˜pE —b@@B 4Hv@@@+ :b›˜D* œ£+ fJ2b~|gB°*H f£<b˜g/°*
¤A *v•c•D q˜~zJ b˜E ˆ¡~9¡˜D* *wG —¡0 œE ™Db†D* ¤Fb†J b˜£A" f£0bggA°* Ÿg˜•C 8xA •1 —É1 œE f£ŒJxD*H fJx~}pD*
i*xcsD* œE ,2bŒg~6°b+ ™Db†D* $bpF&* ‡£˜/ *wG (bA šb< 100 w›E f£)*w= fE5&* &*¡~6&* b˜~9H f£ŒJxD* :b›˜D* ¤A –~}A&* £;¡-
—2bcgD f~8xŒD* q£g£~6 ¤˜£•B(°* x˜-'¡˜D* f£p~|D* fJw‰gD* ‚b@@˜@@F&*H ¤)*w‰D* œ@@E&°*
—b˜~7H ¢F2&°* ‘x~{D* ¤A fc~zg’˜D* f†~6*¡D*
—H2 i*4v@@@B ¢•< ,xƒF $b@@@@D(*H i*xcsD* $b›+H f£_£cD* ibF5*¡gD* ,2b†g~6*H ‡£˜m•D
b£JxA(*
K
£~z›- yCxE b~}J&* f˜ƒ›˜D* £~}g~z-H œE&°* £p- ¤A ,v<b~z˜D* Žvž+ f€›˜D* ",2v†g˜D* ibEv~|D* Ÿ/H ¤A 2¡˜~|D*
K
z’†›- &* ‡B¡gJ Ÿ@@F&* bŒ£~}E "¤)*w‰D* I¡g~z˜D* ¢•< –˜†D*" &* ¢•< v@@C&* b˜C
‡B*¡D* 94&* ¢•< f†+bg˜D* i*$*x/(* fJb<xD
K
–cg~zE ¢•< b+bmJ(* x˜-'¡˜D* ib/xsE *2v~{E " f€1 d•~8 ¤A ¡G ¥x€D*
K
f£)*w‰D* ™ƒ›•D ,vpg˜D* ™@@E&°* f˜B v†+
£p- ¢•< v<b~z-H ‘*x†D* ¤A f<*4yD* £pgD Hb†gD*H ibC*x~{D* v< f£˜G&* ¢•<

f€›˜D* —H2 œ£+ –Eb’gD* f€sD* wG
K
™£ƒ›- ™- ¥4*5¡D* ˆb˜g/ÉD *x£~}p-H
—b˜~7H ¢F2&°* ‘x~{D* f€›E x˜-'¡E ¤@@B*x@@†@@D* $*45¡@@@@@@D* @@z@@£@@)4 v@@@@C&* 4Hv@@@@@+
¤A œ£DH'¡~z˜D* 4bc’D ¤~9*xgA* ˆb˜g/*
b£JxA&* f£0bggA°* Ÿg˜•C ¤A ¤˜;b’D* ¢Œ€~|E
œ£C4b~{E 409 x~}0 ¤FbjD* ¡FbC xJb›J
,v< ¤˜£•B(°* x˜-'¡˜D* nEbFx+ œ˜~}gJ Hb†gD*H ”xg~{˜D* x£’ŒgD*H 4*¡pD* &* ¢•<
œ£•j˜E ¢@@D(* fAb~9(°b+ ¡~}< f@@DH2 نم š¡£D* v†- k£0 I¡g~z˜D* f†£A4 ib<b˜g/* ,vJv/ ib£m£-*xg~6* ‡@@~@@9HH f@@C*x@@~@@{@@D*H
¤Fv˜D* ‡˜gm˜D*H @@8b@@s@@D* ˆb@@€@@@@D* œ@@< ib<¡~9¡˜D* —¡0 ,xJvg~zE f@@J4*5H v)*¡E ¤1b›˜D* x£‰gD* f~8b1 ibJvpgD* fž/*¡˜D
ˆb˜g/°* ~zFH f@@£@@˜@@J2b@@C&°* ‚b@@@~@@@6H&°*H v‰D* —b@@˜@@<&* —Hv@@/ œ˜~}gJH f£~6b~6&°* xJ5H ¤/bŒsD* ™JxC v˜pE ¢D&* b˜C
v<b~zE x<*¡D* d/4 ™£’pD* vc< v£~zD* $*w‰D*H fBb€D*H b£˜D* —¡0 f£cFb/ f£Db†A f~62b~zD* ,4HvD* z£)4H ¤B*x†D* f<*4yD*
¤˜£•B(°* bž•j˜EH f˜ƒ›˜•D šb†D* xJv˜D* š2bD* " e¡C" ub›˜D* x˜-'¡E ‘b£~6 ¤A œ£Œ£=¡G yFbGH ¤˜£•B(°* x˜-'¡˜•D œ£.ÉjD*H
dFb/ ¢D(* b£JxA(* —b˜~7H ¢F2&°* ‘x~{•D x˜-'¡˜D* xJx-H ¥4*5H É<(* 2b˜g<* bž£•J œ£g˜•C f˜ƒ›˜D* z•m˜D –g~z˜D* z£)xD*
4bcC œ££B*x< œ£DH'¡~zE ib0É~8(* &*v@@+ Ÿ@@F&* šb†D* xJv˜D* v@@C&*H f£0bggA°* f~z•mD* ¤A

9 2 2v†D* @ ¡.ÉjD*H œEbjD* v•m˜D* @ ¤+x†D* ™Db†D* ¤A f<*4yD* 32 Arab World Agribusiness Vol. 38 No. 2