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FISHERIES
Editorial
BROODSTOCK DIETS – AN OVERVIEW

The use of fresh and frozen seafood as commonly used. In many hatcheries,
RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE
a partial or complete diet for broodstock
these moist diets are produced in-house.
is still the standard with many marine
species, including established species
SYSTEMS (RAS)
such as gilthead sea bream and Euro-
pean sea bass, shrimps. While there are
commercial broodstock diets that can
– PROS AND CONS
be used solely, marine organisms such
as sardines, mackerels, squid, mussels
and polychaetes are considered to be
essential for marine fish and shrimp
Dr Sagiv Kolkovski broodstock.

Nutrakol Australia In shrimp aquaculture, significant ef-
info@nutrakol.com forts are made to grow polychaetes,
which together with squid and Artemia While the nutritional requirements of
In recent years, aquaculture is one of are considered as essential for brood- fish and shrimp broodstock may not be
Broodstock are considered to be the
the fastest developing sectors in the stock. Large hatcheries and breeding fully described(especially for ‘new’ cul-
core of any fish and shrimp hatchery and
Middle East and the Arabian Gulf region. centers usually have their own poly- tured species such as groupers Epineph-
their physiological and nutritional con-
ditions are the keys to their success.
Various projects are at different stages of chaete tanks. Although this practice has alus sp., Seriola sp., Cobia, and many oth-
development or already producing vari- a potential risk for introducing pathogen ers), they are partially or fully fulfilled
It is well established that high fecun-
ety of aquatic organisms and Saudi Ara- vectors which may affect broodstock with the supplementation of fresh feeds
dity results in high quality larvae and
bia, Oman, Dubai and the Emirates are quality, the global shrimp industry is and nutritional boosters.
therefore, optimal growth and survival
all encouraging foreign investments in still reliant on live polychaetes and other Current commercial broodstock diets
are dependent on the broodstock nutri-
aquaculture. fresh and frozen feeds. and supplements focus on the nutrition-
tion and their health.
In general, there are no ‘standard’ al requirements of the fish and shrimps.
However, whilst the aquaculture indus--
The effect of nutrients on gonadal de
try is rapidly developing and promises feeding protocols for marine fish brood- However, additives or supplements that
velopment, maturation and fecundity of
support the hormonal cycle, and thus
stock and the nutrition and feeding pro-
different aquatic species has been the
huge opportunities, it also presents with tocols can vary significantly between will lead to better gonadal development
subject of research efforts for decades.
challenges and constraints. hatcheries and species. A mix of seafood and higher fecundity, are scarce. This is
This research includes protein levels dictates the adoption of production strat- Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
The availability of water for farming
and amino acids, levels and fractions of such as sardines, mackerels and squid, especially true for out-of-season brood-
stock groups of well-established and
in addition to commercial boosters and
fish and other commercially valuable egies and systems focused on water (RAS) are new to the region. However,
phospholipids, essential fatty acids (es-
new species in aquaculture.
broodstock diets containing vitamins,
aquatic organisms limits the extent to management and environment control. there is huge interest in such systems,
pecially DHA, EPA, ARA) and vitamins
which this sector can develop in these minerals, fatty acids and other nutrients from small-medium production units (50-
such as ascorbic acid (C) and α-tocoph-
Recent projects are aimed at produc-
Moreover, other factors affecting the
are usually the norm.
erol (E), in addition to many others. Spe-
regions. This is especially true when ing salmon, a cold-water species which 400 MT) up to very large systems, which
broodstock fecundity and maturation
cific nutrients such as carotenoids, yeast
fresh or brackish water species are tar- requires complete recirculating systems are capable (theoretically!) of producing
such as stress and immune and diges-
extracts and microalgae (Spirolina, Chlo-
tive systems are not usually directly ad-
geted. and environmental control in the ambi- over 10,000 MT.
rella, Dunaliella salina) have been found ent desert temperatures, which can soar dressed.
From only 18% in 2019, more than
Therefore, developing aquaculture
to have a significant effect on fecundity
While phytomedicine and herbal ther-
in harsh environmental physical condi- up to 50 °C. Rearing salmon in the desert 30% of CPF’s (Charoen Pokphand Foods,
and are currently included as a standard
apy for women with reproductive hor-
tions, typical of deserts and arid lands, can become a reality! the largest penaeid shrimp producer in
in broodstock diets.
monal problems has been recognized
Although there is a significant quanti- for centuries, there is very little adapta-
ty of scientific literature on broodstock tion of it in aquaculture.
nutrition of marine fish and crustaceans,
there are still many factors which are Medicinal plants are known to have
unknown. Due to the large number of hormonal boosting effects. Some herbs
species grown in aquaculture (which, in are utilised in herbal medicine as natu-
® ral boosters for the hormonal cycle and
many cases are varied in habitat, behav- Agricultural
Technology
ior, feeding habits, activity etc.) there is the development of gametes in both men
Co.
no one (or even several) optimal formu- and women. There are specific herbal
lae that can suit all species. For example, extracts mixtures used as hormonal re-
nutritional requirements for flat fish such placement therapy (‘HRT’) for meno-
as Solea solea are significantly differ- pausal women.
ent than pelagic species such as Seriola The effect of herbal extracts on the
lalandi. As Cobia Rachycentron canadum supremeinternational.com
development and performance of fish
is a tropical species, it has significant- and shrimp broodstock have not been
ly different requirements than Halibut intensively investigated. However, scien-
Hippoglossus sp., which is a cold water tific evidence suggests that aside from
species. While in recent years, more In addition, moist diets based on a mix known properties of plant extracts such
species-specific maturation diets have of fishmeal and other marine organism as antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal,
become available, the nutrition of brood- meals such as krill and squid, oils and these compounds can significantly im-
10 Arab Agriculture 2021
stock is still far from optimal. nutritional additives, as well as, fresh in- prove broodstock condition and there-
gredients (squid, fish) and binders are
fore, the quality of their eggs and larvae.
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